Compression and Acceleration of Taylor State Plasmas on SSX
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2018
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Swarthmore College. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy
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Abstract
We aim to describe the fundamental physics and results of compression and
acceleration experiments performed on the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment
(SSX). The fundamental research objective is to maximize the energy and density
of a Taylor state (a relaxed, twisted, and force-free equilibrium which will
be discussed in detail in chapter 2) plasmas with the potential goal of forming a
target for magneto-inertial fusion (MIF). This includes characterizing the equation
of state for compression of Taylor state plasma structures and evaluating
the effectiveness of acceleration modules acting on these states.
We present a comprehensive review of both the theory and experimental proced
ure followed in these investigations. First, the basic ideas of plasma physics
are discussed. This includes key parameters and basic theoretical models including
magnetohydrodynamic theory. Next we explore more advanced concepts
related to SSX physics, such as Woltjer-Taylor relaxation and thermodynamic
properties of magnetized plasmas.
Since the ultimate purpose of the compression and acceleration experiments
is to provide a target for MIF schemes, we will also discuss the essentials of
fusion theory and review research being conducted in the fields of fusion and
plasma compression. Next, we will give an in depth description of the SSX
apparatus and the experimental set up for the compression and acceleration
experiments. This will include a discussion of the three primary diagnostics
used in SSX as well as the design approach for the new acceleration modules.
Finally, we will present our findings as well as analysis and remaining research
questions.
Ultimately, we will show that, although unable to maintain cohesive Taylor
plumes, the acceleration modules succeeded in inducing substantial plasma
acceleration while introducing some unexpected dynamics. We will also show
that the magnetohydrodynamic equation of state does not describe the observed
compression. And we will give evidence suggesting that the compression of Taylor
state plasmas in SSX is predominately governed by the conservation of :J,
the adiabatic invariant corresponding to particle motion parallel to magnetic
field lines. Finally, we will address whether or not the plasma structures formed
on SSX could possibly be used for MIF experiments, and present next steps in
exploring their viability.