Is There Slum Upgrading that Works?: State-NGO Relationships in Kenyan Slum Development
Date
2014
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Haverford College. Department of Political Science
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eng
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Abstract
An estimated 1 Billion people in the world live in slums. The creation of adequate housing for urban residents is a perpetual challenge that people all over the world are interested in solving. Large International Government Organizations, such as the World Bank, and Non-Governmental Organizations, such as UN-HABITAT, have started investing their vast resources into the process of slum development, but they don't do it alone. Instead, they are following trends of cooperative development and working with the state to achieve these goals. But these projects are often fraught with difficulty, and having two different leaders with different goals can cause problems. Who has power in the now inevitable collaboration between international NGOs and the state, and how does that affect the outcome of these projects, especially as it relates to their ability to reach their intended recipients? To try and answer that question, this paper looks at the progression of two different large-scale slum-upgrading projects in Kenya, in order to understand how changes in the structure of the cooperative relationship affect the outcomes. Additionally, it looks to understand how these relationships affect the success of these projects in the eyes of their intended benefactors–slum dwellers.