Browsing by Subject "Emotions"
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- ItemCapturing Emotional Suppression as it Naturally Unfolds in Couple Interactions(2015) Dworkin, Jordan; Schulz, Marc S.Most research examining the consequences of suppressing emotional expression has focused on experimentally manipulated, conscious suppression. This study examined suppression as it naturally occurred in couple discussions (n = 105) of an upsetting event. A novel Suppression Index (SI) was created by calculating the difference between continuous self reports of emotional experience, obtained using cued recall, and coders’ continuous ratings of expressed emotion, obtained using a naïve coding approach. Suppression was the most common strategy for regulating emotional expression in both men and women, with individual differences in the degree to which people suppressed emotion. Autocorrelations on the SI were run to create a Suppressive Rigidity (Srig) score that gauges the degree to which suppression varied over the course of the conversation. Srig was consistent across contexts, suggesting that Srig captures stable individual differences. In women, greater suppression of negative emotions and more rigid application of suppression was predictive of lower marital satisfaction, indicating that suppressive behavior may have consequences in relationships. Interpretations and implications of these findings are discussed.
- ItemThe Role of Therapeutic Alliance and Emotional Expressiveness on the Association Between Attachment Style and Treatment Outcomes(2017) Buczek, Matthew; Gordon, ElizabethCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common treatment for social anxiety disorder, a prevalent anxiety disorder characterized by a persistent fear and avoidance of social situations (Heimberg, 2002). Although most patients emerge from CBT treatment with reduced anxiety and better functioning, not all individuals experience clinically significant improvement. Due to the interpersonal nature of this disorder, it may be useful to examine this problem through the lens of attachment theory. The present study will examine how individual differences in attachment security predict treatment outcomes in a clinical sample of individuals being treated for social anxiety disorder. It will also investigate the role of the therapeutic alliance, or bond a patient forms with their therapist, as a potential mechanism for the relationship between attachment and treatment outcomes. Finally, emotion regulation strategies are intricately tied to one’s attachment style and to the formation of close relationships. Thus, the present study will examine whether emotional expressiveness moderates the relationship between attachment style and therapeutic alliance. Implications will be discussed.
- Item“To err is human”: The effects of anxiety and contextual emotion on error-related negativity(2007) Nelson, Tess; Compton, Rebecca J. (Rebecca Jean)This study tested the possibility of an emotion-specific influence on error-related negativity (ERN), a physiological response to error commission. The ERN is thought to reflect an expectancy violation, triggered by negative feedback. Our study tested whether the expectancies underlying the ERN are influenced by the emotional context of the error, and whether anxiety increases sensitivity to contextual emotion, thus influencing the ERN. In a trial and error learning task, in which subjects matched specific keys with individuals of varying emotion expressions, we expected that subjects would produce bigger ERN values on happy face trials than angry, and that anxious subjects would show this effect to a greater degree. Contrary to predictions, no effect of emotion or anxiety on ERN amplitude was found. Instead, anxiety-related and emotion-related effects were present only in response to feedback that was not the primary indication of actual performance. We discuss the possible implication that anxious individuals may devote more resources to the processing of irrelevant, negative emotional information, leading to inefficient and possibly maladaptive error-monitoring.