Browsing by Subject "Discrimination in medical care -- United States"

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    Addressing Maternal Health in 21st Century America: An Exploration of Risk, Motherhood, and Reclamati​o​n
    (2020) Thomas, Barbara Denise; Kelly, Patricia
    African Americans' experiences of racial and gender-related stress and discrimination negatively impact their behaviours and emotions related to their health care during pregnancy 6 that is deeply rooted in the United States history of slavery and marginalization of Black women. This has resulted in higher risks for negative birth outcomes and difficulties in early motherhood that expecting mothers of other races in the U.S. do not have to face. In response to these racial disparities in maternal healthcare, black maternal health advocates and leaders have collectively taken a stand against the racial violence placed against their communities by encouraging African American women to reclaim their bodies and rights to African ancestral birth practices and reform their communities of black reproductive health workers.
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    Psychological Factors that Predict Gender and Racial Disparities in Major Health Outcomes
    (2016) Baffoe-Bonnie, Marilyn Sandra; Le, Benjamin
    This work investigates the psychological determinants associated with gender and racial disparities in mortality and morbidity in major health outcomes in the United States, through an examination of four major health outcomes: hypertensive heart disease (defined in this work as hypertension and coronary artery disease), skin cancer, low birth weight, and homicide. Persistent gender and racial disparities can be explained through two major psychological models: the health behaviors and beliefs model (HBBM) and the psychosocial model. The results of the literature review show that when taken apart the factors in these models do not conclusively explain gender and racial disparities. However, this work creates a comprehensive model that highlights the most important factors and serves as a framework for designing interventions and policies to reduce health disparities. In addition, a pragmatic model for health care settings is created. Finally, the policy recommendations made based on research of the models show that health disparities are avoidable.